Computer Network Components

Computer Network Components

Different network component

The basic elements of a computer network include hardware, software, and protocols. The hardware used in the network is a modem, routers, switches, bridges, hubs, etc.

MODEM

MODEM stands for Modulation and Demodulation. The modem is a device that directly converts the digital signal from a computer into analog form for transmission over an analog link such as a telephone line which is called the modulation phase. It receives analog signals from the phone line and converts them into digital signals for the computer which is called the demodulation phase. So, it is a device that connects computers to ISP (Internet Service Provider) with the help of a telephone line or router device. The modem which is placed inside the CPU Casing is called an internal modem. The modem which is placed outside the Casing is called an external modem. Wireless modems convert digital data into radio signals and vice versa. Modems came into existence in 1960. The main features of modem are:

1. Automatic cable sensor and calling card dialing
2.  Call progress detection and caller ID
3. Analog Cellular and GSM communications
4. Dialing stored phone numbers and digital line guard
5. Exclusive line probing and redialing the last dialed number

NIC

It is a Network Interface Card, which connects each computer to the wiring to the network. NIC is placed in motherboard expansion slots. It provides a port on the back of the computer to connect to the network. It controls the flow of data to and from computers in a network environment. It is used in LAN. Token ring and Ethernet are examples of NIC cards.

Hub

Hub is a connectivity device. It contains multiple ports for connecting to network components. It connects the computers in a star topology. It is simple, easier to install, low in cost, as compared to other devices. It can receive or send information data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices.

Switch

The switch is a connective device that is capable of forwarding packets directly to the ports associated with particular network addresses. It coordinates file servers and computers. The selected computer can get information through the switch. The switch is new technology and intelligent as compared to the hub. It works faster than a hub.

Connector

Connectors attach components together that are used to connect communication media with network devices. Several types of connectors are available, serving various purposes. It connects NIC cards such as an Ethernet card. It connects cable segments. RJ-45 connector for UTP cable, ST connector for fiber optics cable, BNC connector for co-axial cable, etc. is the different types of connectors. Bridge and gateway are the two connectors that link between two network systems.

Bridge

Bridge connects networks using the same communication protocols or similar networks so that information can be passed from one to the other. The signals are inspected by the bridge and decide whether to forward.

Gateway

The gateway connects networks using different communication protocols or dissimilar networks. It is also called a protocol converter and sends data in any network layer. It is more complex than a switch or router.

Repeater

The repeater is a network device that accepts weak signals and regenerates the signal over the same network to extend the length to which the signal can transmit. It makes it possible for long-distance data transfer. It does not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a two-port device.

Router

A router is a device that is used to connect different LANs and WANs in the network. It receives transmitted messages and forwards them to their correct destinations over the most efficient available route. It is a device that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. It has a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets.

NOS

NOS stands for Network Operating System. It is the Operating System that can support controls and manage the computer network environment. Examples of Network Operating systems are Windows XP, Windows NT, server, UNIX, LINUX, Novel Netware, etc. The most popular Network Operating System is Novell Netware. The major functions of a Network Operating System are  

1. It is used to set up and install a computer network.
2. It enables users to have access, manages, and control all the resources. 
3. It allows adding or removing users from the network.

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