Computer Network and Data Communication (What is Computer Network and Data Communication?) Its advantages and disadvantages
Computer Network
Data Communication and networking have changed how business and other daily affair works in this modern world. A computer network is a logical or physical interconnection between two or more computers that communicate with each other. It is used to share resources such as data files, application software, and hardware among users. A node can be a device like a computer, printer, scanner, etc. which is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network. Internet is an example of a computer network. A network must be able to meet certain criteria as performance, reliability, and scalability.
Advantages of a computer network:
- Various resources, data, and information can be shared.
- Faster as well as cheaper communication and data transmission. Different types of hardware devices, as well as software components, can be shared.
- Office automation can be effective and well managed.
- Provides data backup facility as data and information can be stored in the file server.
Disadvantages of a computer network:
- High installation and administrative costs.
- Attack on the privacy of the people.
- A computer virus can easily spread via a network. If the server is out of order, then all workstations are disturbed.
- Trained technical support is required.
- Components of Computer Network
Component of Computer Network
- Computer System
- Transmission media( wired or wireless)
- Network software.
- Network connectivity devices
- Protocol
Data Communication and Networking
Data communication
Data communication is the exchange of data between a source and a receiver. Data can be exchanged or transmitted using different media like cable medium and wireless medium. Different methods can be used to exchange the data. Some of the examples of data communication are E-mail, sharing of files, phone calls, video chatting, etc.
A computer network is an interconnected collection of two or more two computers that are capable of exchanging data, information, and hardware through a suitable medium, the medium may be wired or wireless. Network users can share files, printers, and other resources, send electronic messages and run programs and even turn off the other computers.
The process of transferring data and information between computers is called data communications. The data is exchanged in the form of 0's and 1's. The transmission medium used in data communication can be wired or wireless technology. The two types of data communication are local and remote data communication. Local data communication takes place in the same geographical area whereas remote data communication takes place over a distance. The data communication can be measured through the following features:
- Delivery: The data is delivered to the right destination.
- Timeliness: The data is delivered on time.
- Accuracy: The data is delivered in an accurate and correct format.
Components of Data Communication
a) Message: The data and information that is to be delivered.
b) Sender: The person who is sending the message.
c) Receiver: The person to whom the message is being sent.
d) Medium: The channel through which the message is sent.
e) Protocol: The set of rules which govern data communication.
Network Software
A Network Operating System (NOS) is a type of software that manages network resources, controls the flow of data, maintains security, and tracks user accounts. It consists of computer programs that establish protocols, or rules, for computers to talk to one another. These protocols are carried out by sending and receiving formatted instructions of data called packets. Protocols make logical connections between the computers in a network, transfer packets from one computer to another, and minimize the possibility of collisions between packets sent simultaneously. Some popular Network Operating Systems (NOSS) are Novel NetWare, Windows NT, Windows server 2003/2008, Various GNU/Linux, Solaris, etc.
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